Here is a direct side-by-side comparison of the Masoretic Text with the LXX. I have concluded that the LXX is much to be preferred over the Masoretic Text, a position from which the Eastern Orthodox Church never deviated. Perhaps, if you take the time to read my comparisons and other articles, you will arrive at the same conclusion.
The Septuagint version I am using is the Lexham English Septuagint 2nd Edition, which is available in print or as part of Logos Bible Software. Occasionally I also use the Brenton translation of the LXX for insight into difficult passages.
If you want to know more, click on the following links.
- Why Christians Should Prefer the Septuagint over the Masoretic Text.
- Some Insights Gained through Comparing the Masoretic Text to the Septuagint
- More side by side comparisons of the Masoretic Text (MT) to the Septuagint (LXX).
| Masoretic Text | Septuagint | Significance |
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5 For the Lord GOD of hosts has a day of panic, subjugation and confusion In the valley of vision, A breaking down of walls And a crying to the mountain. Isaiah 22:5 (NASB95) |
5 Because it is a day of trouble and destruction and trampling and misleading from the Lord Sabaoth in the valley of Zion. From small to great, they wander; they wander on the mountains. Isaiah 22:5 (LES2) |
This verse is prototypical of how the MT appears to weave its deception. It calls the valley of Zion the valley of vision. The next part does not match at all. |
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8 And He removed the defense of Judah. In that day you depended on the weapons of the house of the forest, 9 And you saw that the breaches In the wall of the city of David were many; And you collected the waters of the lower pool. 10 Then you counted the houses of Jerusalem And tore down houses to fortify the wall. 11 And you made a reservoir between the two walls For the waters of the old pool. But you did not depend on Him who made it, Nor did you take into consideration Him who planned it long ago. Isaiah 22:8–11 (NASB95) |
8 And they will uncover the gates of Judah and on that day look into the choicest houses of the city. 9 And they will uncover the secrets of the houses of the citadel of David. And they saw that they were many, and that he turned back the water of the old reservoir into the city, 10 and that they tore down the houses of Jerusalem for a stronghold wall for the city. 11 And you made for yourselves water between the two walls, farther in than the old reservoir. And you did not look to the one who made it from the beginning or see the one who created it. Isaiah 22:8–11 (LES2) |
There are some differences here, but the general idea seems to be the same. |
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12 Therefore in that day the Lord GOD of hosts called you to weeping, to wailing, To shaving the head and to wearing sackcloth. 13 Instead, there is gaiety and gladness, Killing of cattle and slaughtering of sheep, Eating of meat and drinking of wine: “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we may die.” 14 But the LORD of hosts revealed Himself to me, “Surely this iniquity shall not be forgiven you Until you die,” says the Lord GOD of hosts. Isaiah 22:12–14 (NASB95) |
12 And on that day the Lord, the Lord Sabaoth, called for weeping and lamentation and shaving and girding sackcloth. 13 But they acted with cheer and rejoicing, slaughtering calves and sacrificing sheep in order to eat meat and drink wine: “Let’s eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!” 14 And these things are revealed in the ears of the Lord Sabaoth, because this sin will not be forgiven you until you die. Isaiah 22:12–14 (LES2) |
A difference here is that the MT says God revealed secrets to Jeremiah, but the LXX says that they were revealed to God. |
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15 Thus says the Lord GOD of hosts, “Come, go to this steward, To Shebna, who is in charge of the royal household, 16 ‘What right do you have here, And whom do you have here, That you have hewn a tomb for yourself here, You who hew a tomb on the height, You who carve a resting place for yourself in the rock? 17 ‘Behold, the LORD is about to hurl you headlong, O man. And He is about to grasp you firmly 18 And roll you tightly like a ball, To be cast into a vast country; There you will die And there your splendid chariots will be, You shame of your master’s house.’ 19 “I will depose you from your office, And I will pull you down from your station. Isaiah 22:15–19 (NASB95) |
15 This is what the Lord Sabaoth says: “Go into the priest’s chamber, to Shebna the treasurer, and say to him, 16 “Why are you here? And what is your business here, that you cut out here a tomb for yourself, and you made yourself a tomb at a high point, and you inscribed a tent for yourself on the rock?” 17 Look now, the Lord Sabaoth casts out and will rub out a man, and he will take away your robe and your esteemed crown, 18 and he will throw you into a great and immeasurable territory, and there you will die. And he will turn your fine chariot into dishonor; also your leader’s house. 19 And you will be removed from your stewardship and from your position. Isaiah 22:15–19 (LES2) |
Here is where some more differences emerge. In verse 15, the MT says to go “to this steward, to Shebna,” but the LXX says “Go into the priest’s chamber, to Shebna.” In verse 17, the MT omits that God says “he will take away your robe and your esteemed crown.” |
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20 “Then it will come about in that day, That I will summon My servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, 21 And I will clothe him with your tunic And tie your sash securely about him. I will entrust him with your authority, And he will become a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. 22 “Then I will set the key of the house of David on his shoulder, When he opens no one will shut, When he shuts no one will open. 23 “I will drive him like a peg in a firm place, And he will become a throne of glory to his father’s house. Isaiah 22:20–23 (NASB95) |
20 And this will happen on that day: I will call my servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, 21 and I will clothe him with your robe, and I will give him your crown according to power, and your stewardship I will give into his hands, and he will be like a father to those who live in Jerusalem and to those who live in Judah. 22 And I will give the glory of David to him, and he will rule, and there will be no one who opposes him. And he will shut, and there will be no one to open. 23 And I will set him up as leader in a secure place, and he will become a throne of the glory of his father’s house. Isaiah 22:20–23 (LES2) |
The MT says Eliakim will be given Shebna’s sash, but the LXX says it will be his crown. In verse 22, the MT says that God will set the “key of the house of David on his shoulder.” The LXX says “the glory of David will be given to him and there will be no one who opposes him.” The MT continues its key theme by saying instead “when he opens no one will shut.” Both agree that when he shuts, no one will open. Verse 23 concludes that he will become a throne of glory in his father’s house. Could this be anything other than a prophecy about Jesus the Messiah? It sounds very much like a passage in Revelation. 7 “And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write: He who is holy, who is true, who has the key of David, who opens and no one will shut, and who shuts and no one opens, says this: Revelation 3:7 (NASB95) Interestingly, the Revelation verse agrees more closely with the MT. |
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24 “So they will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house, offspring and issue, all the least of vessels, from bowls to all the jars. 25 “In that day,” declares the LORD of hosts, “the peg driven in a firm place will give way; it will even break off and fall, and the load hanging on it will be cut off, for the LORD has spoken.” Isaiah 22:24–25 (NASB95) |
24 And every esteemed person in his father’s house, from small to great, will trust him, and they will be dependent on him 25 on that day. This is what the Lord Sabaoth says: “The person who has been firmly set in a secure place will be removed and will be taken away and fall, and the glory that was upon him will be utterly destroyed, for the Lord has spoken.” Isaiah 22:24–25 (LES2) |
The LXX says that all will “trust him,” just as those who believe in Jesus. The LXX continues that “they will be dependent on him on that day.” This again sounds like Jesus the believers’ relationship with Jesus. Verse 24 in the MT is rather unintelligible. Those who resisted the Lord will be removed, deposed, and fall, even as happened to Israel after their rejection of the Messiah, as prophesied by our Lord. (Matthew 21:43) |
Summary: The LXX makes it clear that this is a prophecy about our Lord Jesus. Only he could fulfill what was spoken about Hilkiah. The MT changes things quite a bit, as it often does when a prophecy points to Christ. Interestingly, Revelation 3:7 closely quotes the MT.
